Īlthough the optimism bias occurs for both positive events (such as believing oneself to be more financially successful than others) and negative events (such as being less likely to have a drinking problem), there is more research and evidence suggesting that the bias is stronger for negative events (the valence effect). For example: people believing that they are less at risk of being a crime victim, smokers believing that they are less likely to contract lung cancer or disease than other smokers, first-time bungee jumpers believing that they are less at risk of an injury than other jumpers, or traders who think they are less exposed to potential losses in the markets. The optimistic bias is seen in a number of situations. įour factors can cause a person to be optimistically biased: their desired end state, their cognitive mechanisms, the information they have about themselves versus others, and overall mood. However, autistic people are less susceptible to optimistic biases. Optimistic biases are even reported in non-human animals such as rats and birds. Optimism bias is common and transcends gender, ethnicity, nationality, and age.
It is also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism. Optimism bias (or the optimistic bias) is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event.
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